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  • ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ/ืชOren Appel

ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•

ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื– ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื, ืืš ื ื™ื›ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ. ืฉืœื ื ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ, ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืจื›ื”, ื•ื ื—ืœืชื ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื” ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื“ืง ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ืคืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื—, ืžื’ืคื” ื•ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• - ืืžืคืชื™ื” ืžื–ื ืงืช ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”.


ืืžืคืชื™ื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื, ื ืื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ื™ืงื”, ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืื• ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืจื•ืคื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื•ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื. ืžื—ืงืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ Catalyst, ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืงืจื‘ 889 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืžืฆื ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืืžืคืชื™ื”:


ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช - ื›ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื•, ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืืžืคืชื™ื™ื, 61% ืžื”ื ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืœืขื•ืžืช 13% ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืืžืคืชื™ื™ื.

ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช- 76% ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื• ืืžืคืชื™ื” ืžื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช 32% ืžืืœื• ืฉื—ื•ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืืžืคืชื™ื”.

ืชื—ืœื•ืคืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื - 57% ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•-62% ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื•ืช ืืžืจื•, ื›ื™ ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืจืง 14% ื•-30% ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืืžืจื• ืฉืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉืงืœื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘.

ื”ื›ืœื” - 50% ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืืžืคืชื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืจืง 17% ืžืืœื” ืขื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืืžืคืชื™ืช.

ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื- ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืืžืคืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, 86% ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืžืช 60% ืžืืœื” ืฉื—ื•ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืืžืคืชื™ื”.

ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” - ืœืคื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘-Evolutionary Biology, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืืžืคืชื™ื” ืฉื•ืงืœืœื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืืฃ ื’ืจืžื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžืคืชื™ื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื˜ื™ืคื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžืคืชื™ื”.

ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช - ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ Qualtrics ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื ืชืคืกื• ื›ืืžืคืชื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ืฉื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ืช.


ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืืžืคืชื™ืช

ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืžืคืชื™ื” ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ("ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื•/ืฉืœื”, ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?"). ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืžืคืชื™ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ("ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœื•/ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ___"). ืœืฆื“ ื–ืืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื‘ื˜ืื• ืืช ื“ืื’ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ ื•ื™ืฉืืœื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ื™ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืงืฉื‘ ืจื‘.


ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืื›ืคืช ืœื”ื. ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆ'ืง-ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืžื–ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“. ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื”.


ืœืฆื“ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื”, ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื’ื ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืืžืจื”, 'ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืง ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื” ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ'. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืื•ืžืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืืžืคืชื™ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื• ื”ืงืœื”.


ื‘ืคืชื—ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ืขืžื•ืกื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ืขืฆืจื• ืœืจื’ืข, ื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื–ื• ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช.


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